Srednji vek je znan predvsem po ognju. Zaradi ognja se je znašla večina mest v hudi stiski, kajti, ko je enkrat zagorelo, je bilo požar zelo težko zaustaviti, preden je pogoltnil celotno mesto.
Večina stavb v mestih je bilo lesenih, hiše so bile zgoraj širše kot spodaj, tako da so se slamnate strehe med seboj stikale, stavbe so bile tesno druga ob drugi in ulice so bile izredno ozke. Hiše, v celoti zgrajene iz kamna, so bile zelo redke.
Tako so slama in les, neprehodne ulice tvorile idealno prizorišče za ognjene viharje, ki so uničevali cela mesta.
Mesta so zato razvila posebne straže, ki so iz požarnih stolpov ali cerkvenih zvonikov opazovale mesto in z zvonjenjem zvonov sprožile alarm za požar.
Požari so se nekoliko umirili šele v 19. stoletju, ko so se začele graditi široke ulice in le dvo- ali trinadstropne hiše. Nevarnost požarov velikih razsežnosti pa je odpravila industrijska revolucija, ki je s seboj prinesla tudi razvoj požarne opreme. V drugi polovici 19. stoletja so začele nastajati prve prostovoljne gasilske čete. To so bili prvi zametki organiziranega in poklicnega varstva pred požari ter so nadomestili požarne stražarje.
Maribor je v svoji zgodovini doživel veliko požarov, ohranjenih pa 6 poročil o požarih, od katerih so se kar štirje začeli na Koroški cesti.
Požar je uničil veliko večino mesta, med uničenimi hišami je bil tudi stari mariborski rotovž. Dve leti kasneje so zgradili novega, ki v nekoliko spremenjeni podobi stoji še danes.
Požar je izbruhnil opoldne v hiši Ludvika Himelsteinerja na Koroški cesti. Zaradi požara je pogorela večina mesta, vključno s cerkvenim zvonikom, rotovžem in utrdbami.
Izbruhne v Čermoniževi hiši v Mali gosposki ulici med 6. in 7. uro zjutraj. V dveh urah je pogorelo skoraj celo mesto, s cerkvami, mestnimi vrati in rotovžem vred. Pogorela so tudi skladišča s hrano, razneslo je tudi skladišče z municijo.
Izbruhne slabi dve leti po tretjem požaru ob 18. uri zvečer v hlevu hiše Krištofa Schalerja na Koroški cesti. Podtaknil naj bi ga hudoben vojak, ki so ga kasneje na Češkem usmrtili.
Maribor je od deželnih knezov pričakoval razumevanje, saj je v razmaku dveh let bil požgan skoraj do tal. Denar so namesto za davke namenili za obnovo mesta in zato prišli v spor z deželnimi stanovi, ki so jim zaradi tega zaplenili mestno mitnino, ker je bilo mesto v večletnem zaostanku s prispevki.
Izbruhne med 18. in 19. uro zvečer v hiši Janeza Filipiča na Koroški cesti blizu mestnih vrat. Povzročil pa ga je komornik grofa Rosenbergerja, ki je streljal na lastovko in s tem zažgal slamnato streho. Pogorelo je skoraj celo mesto.
Zadnji požar je mesto prizadel najhuje in je izbruhnil nikjer drugje kot na Koroški cesti v Straschillovi hiši številka 3.
Razširil se je po Splavarskem prehodu do mesarskih stojnic v vzhodnem delu Vojaške ulice ter uničil usnjarske delavnice na Usnjarski ulici, preden se je razširil na Židovsko in Vetrinjsko ulico ter popolnoma uniči ta del mesta.
Meščani so za zaščito pred požari, okoli leta 1700 na Grajskem trgu, postavili Florjanovo znamenje, ki je zavetnik proti povodnji in požarom.
Cerkveni zvoniki so pogosto služili kot opazovalnice pred požari. V Mariboru je v ta namen služi zvonik stolne cerkve Janeza Krstnika. Na vrhu zvonika danes ne boste našli samo dih jemajočega razgleda prečudovitega Maribora, temveč vas bo tam pričakalo majhno stanovanje, kjer je nekoč prebival požarni opazovalec.
Opazovalnica na zvoniku je skupaj z organizirano požarno obrambo delovala kot zaščita mesta pred požari. Požarni opazovalec je mesto pod seboj opozoril o nevarnosti z udarci na zvonec.
Zadnja požarna opazovalka Antonia Weiss je bila leta 1933 odpuščena in s tem je bila opazovalnica zaprta vse do leta 2012, ko Pokrajinski muzej postavi v prostorih zvonika muzejsko zbirko, ki prikazuje dan v življenju požarnega opazovalca.
Tekst zbrala in uredila: Eva Mataln
Prevod: Maja Miklavc & Miha Odar
Fotografije: Igor Unuk
Viri:
Hostel Pekarna
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